Jude the Obscure

Arabella :

 Jude’s first wife, a vain, sensual woman who is the daughter of a pig farmer. She decides to marry Jude and so tricks him into marrying her by pretending to be pregnant. Arabella sees marriage as a kind of entrapment and as a source of financial security, and she uses whatever means necessary to get what she wants. After Jude fails to provide for her, Arabella goes to Australia and takes a new husband there. She is often contrasted with the pure, intellectual Sue, as Arabella is associated with alcohol and sexual pleasure. When she wants Jude back she gets him drunk and forces him to marry her, and when he dies (or even just before) she immediately starts seeking a new husband.

Arabella Donn Quotes in Jude the Obscure

The Jude the Obscure quotes below are all either spoken by Arabella Donn or refer to Arabella Donn. For each quote, you can also see the other characters and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one: ). Note: all page numbers and citation info for the quotes below refer to the Penguin Classics edition of Jude the Obscure published in 1998.

Sue Bride headache

The novel’s other protagonist and Jude’s cousin. Sue’s parents were divorced and she was raised in London and Christminster. She is an extremely intelligent woman who rejects Christianity and flirts with paganism, despite working as a religious artist and then teacher. Sue is often described as “ethereal” and “bodiless” and she generally lacks sexual passion, especially compared to Jude. Sue marries Phillotson as a kind of rebuke to Jude for his own marriage to Arabella, and is then repulsed by Phillotson as a husband. She is portrayed as inconsistent and emotional, often changing her mind abruptly, but she develops a strong relationship and love with Jude. Though she starts out nonreligious, the death of her children drives Sue to a harsh, legalistic version of Christianity as she believes she is being punished for her earlier rebellion against Christianity, and she returns to Phillotson even though she never ceases to love Jude.

Sue Bridehead Quotes in Jude the Obscure

The Jude the Obscure quotes below are all either spoken by Sue Bridehead or refer to Sue Bridehead. For each quote, you can also see the other characters and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one: ). Note: all page numbers and citation info for the quotes below refer to the Penguin Classics edition of Jude the Obscure published in 1998.

In Memoriam

In Memoriam A.H.H is a poem by the British poet Lord Tennyson published in 1850 

Summary :

Prologue

The poem's speaker addresses the Christian figure of the Son of God. He declares his faith in God despite a lack of evidence. The speaker then expresses hope that humanity will grow in both knowledge and reverence for the Divine

Grief (Cantos 1–2

After the death of his best friend Arthur Henry Hallam, the speaker gives in to sorrow and sleep. His writing seems like a feeble antidote for despair. Awaiting the ship bringing Hallam's body home, the speaker struggles with strong and often contradictory emotions. He imagines himself as a piper in a pastoral elegy recalling the friends' joyful times together. Despite his anguish, he wants to prove his love will outlast time

Doubt and Despair (Cantos 28–7

The family's Christmas celebration is shadowed by grief. The speaker imagines the superior celestial form his friend occupies in eternity. He wonders if he and Hallam will communicate again and what their reunion will be like. Contemplating humanity's fate as a biological species bound for extinction, the speaker struggles to believe in a higher purpose for mankind

Rising Hope (Cantos 78–10

A second Christmas holiday is somber but more hopeful. Slowly the speaker sees the wisdom and insight his sorrow has given him. Though doubt and fear still linger, Hallam's memory brings comfort and consolation. One night during a memorable trance, the speaker feels connected to a larger divine spirit. He later prepares to move to a new home with his family, leaving the places he shared with Hallam behind

Final Affirmation (Cantos 104–13

The family holds a solemn Christmas celebration honoring Hallam. As bells ring in the New Year, the speaker looks forward to renewed joy and progress for all mankind. He describes Hallam as a brilliant, kindhearted man who sought wisdom as well as knowledge. Since Hallam is now "mix'd with God and Nature," the speaker loves and reveres his friend even more

Looking to the future, the speaker renews his faith in a divine plan for human existence. He encourages humanity to grow wiser and noble

Epilogue

Nine years after Hallam's death, the speaker attends the wedding of his sister Cecilia. The celebration is full of joy. The speaker says his love for Hallam and his own faith have grown over the years. He anticipates that the superior descendants of the human race will have

 

The Rover Aphra Behn

Introduction : 

The rover is a play in two parts that is written by the English author Aphra Behn. It is a revision of Thomas Killigrews play Thomason or The wanderer and features multiple plot lines dealing with the amorous adventures of a groups of Englishmen and women in Naples at carnival time according to Restoration post John Dryden. It lacks the manly Vitaliy of Killigrewls Play but shows greater refinement of expression . The play stood for three centuries as Behns most popular and most respected play.

1) Angellica 

Considered the financial negotiation which one makes before marring a prospective bride the same as pristutution 

Angellica Bianca 

Angellica is a famous courtesan in Spain . She is the mistress of a once powerful decreased Spanish general and she has returned ti Naples to put herself up for sale. Her monthly fees is 1,000 Spanish crowns and her primary potential suitors are Don Pedro and Don Antonio , Angellica is a beautiful woman who we are led to believe would have no problem securing the monthly fees for which she has put herself on the market Don Pedro and sum however Angellica falls in love with Wilmore to whom she promises her heart' when she discovers that willmore has not been true' to her she confrontes him with a pistol and threatens to kill him with it. 

Angellica Bianca is a renowned courtesan who charges 1000 crown's a month for companionship . She hangs an advertising poster outside her home and prides herself on the power she has over men. Although she brags that she has never fallen in love this changes when she meets willmore. She in charmed and offers him her heart and  her body with no change but his Love in return . She also gives him money to spend . When he is instantly unfaithful to her she vows revenge . Angellica is a character who is powerful within her own sphere and she is used to being treated with respected . However the event of the plau put her into positions where she lacks that power and it takes a severe toll on her  she despiars when she learns her rival for willmores affection is a noblewoman felling unable to complete with money and power . Her desire for willmores and her humliliation that he does not return her love drive her to the brink of Murder. While she ultimately decided to leave his punishment up to the universe she is clearly overwhelmed and distraught. 

Importance of being Earnest

Importance of Being Earnest - Oscar Wilde

The importance of Being Earnest Trivial comedy for serious poepel is a Play by Oscar Wilde first performed in 14 February 1895 at the St James's theatre in London . It is a farcical comedy in which the protagonist maintain fictitious  personae to escape burdensome social obligation working within the social conversation of late Victorian London the play's Major themes are the triviality with which it treats institution as serious of Victorian ways. Some contemporary reviews praised the play's humours and the culmination of Wilde's others were cautious about its luck of social massage it's high farce and witty dialogue have helped make. The Importance of Being  Earnest Wilde's most enduringly popular play 

The successful opening night marked the climax of wilds career but also heralded his downfall. The Marquess of Queensberry whose son lord Alfred Douglas was Wilde's lover planned to present the writer with a bouquet of Rotten vegetables and disrupt the show Wilde was tipped off and Queensbury was refused admition . Their feud for libel . The arrest trial and conviction on charges of gross indecency . Wilde's home sexuality was revealed to the Victorian public and he was sentenced to two years imprisonment with hard lobour . Despite the play's early success Wilde's notoriety caused the play to be closed after 86 performances After his release from prison he published the Play from exile in Paris but he wrote no more comic or dramatic work's. The importance of being Earnest has been revived many times since it's premiere . It has been adapted for the cinema on three occasions. 

Characters : 

• Jack Worthing 
• Algernon moncrieff
• Geendolen Fairfax
• Lady  Bracknell
• Cecily Cardew
• Miss prism
• The Reverend Canon chasuble
• Lane
• Merriman

Hard Time

 1) Discuss the theme of  Utilitarianism with illustrations from the novel.

Charles Dickens

He was born on 7 February 1812 Portsmouth on the southern coast of England . He was a British novelist journalist editor illustrator and social commentator . Hard Time published 12 August 1854.

Hard time for theses time is the tenth novel by Charles Dickens first published in 1854 . The book surveys English society and economic conditions of the era . Hard Times is ususal in several ways it is by far the shortest of Dickens novel barely a quarter of the length of those written immediately before and after it. Also unlike all but one of his other novels . Hard Times has neither a perface no r illustration moreover it is his only novel not to have scence set in London instead the story is set in the fictitious Victorian industrial coketown a generic Northern English mill Town in some ways similar to Manchester though smaller coketown may be particully based on 19th century Preston one of Dickens reasons for writing Hard Times was that sales of his weekly periodical household words were low and  it was hoped the novel's publication in instalments would boost circulation as indeed proved to be the case since publication it has received a mixed response from critics.

Theme of Utilitarianism with illustrations :

In the novel Hard e Charles Dickens connived a theme of Utilitarianism along with education and industrialization Utilitarianism is the belief that something is  morally right if it helps a majority of people . It is a Princy involving nothing but facts and leaves no room for ereativity or imagination . Dickens provide symbolic examples of this  Utilitarianism in Hard Times by using mr Thomas gradgrind one of the main character in the book who has a Hard belief in Utilitarianism . Thomas Gradgrind is so into his philosophy of rationality and facts that he has forced this belief into children and as well as his young students Mr Josiah bounderby Thomas best friend also studies utilitarianism but he was more interested in power and money than in facts . Dickens uses Cecelia jupe daughter who is the complete opposite of Thomas Gradgrind to provide a great contrast of a Utilitarianism belief. 

 Dickens uses Thomas Gradgrind to demonstrate exactly how a basic philosophy of rationality self interest Thomas Gradgrind has faith that human nature can be restrained calculated and ruled completely by facts certainly his schooling attempt to turn young children into thing machines Dickens main goal in Hard Times was to exemplify the risk of letting human become nothing but machine singnifying that the lack of kindness and imagination in life whould be intolerable Louise balms her father for only teaching her lesson on facts and nothing on life she feeling that .

Ode to Duty

 Williams Wordsworth

Wordsworth was born 7 April 1770 amd died 23 April 1850 was an English Romantic poet who with Samuel Taylor , Coleridge helped to launch the romantic Age in English literature with their jont publication . Ode to Duty written in 1805 in published in 1807 is a Poem an ode .

Introduction: 

Ode to Duty reveals that Wordsworth has a great concern with moral and ethical values and devotion to duty and integrity . The  poet believed that following the path of Duty and mortality one could rise to noble heights of success in his life . Ode to Duty is a landmark in the history of Wordsworth mind . His most significant message to humanity is the message of plain living and high thinking . Wordsworth takes Duty as the divine postulates of universe . Heaving bodies like the sun and the earth maintain the system and decorum which give freshness and strength to the most ancient heavens.

Summary : 

The popular poem Ode to Duty was composed by William Wordsworth in 1805 it was published in his poems in the  volumes in 1807 in this poem the post personifies Duty as a goddess. He got inspiration to compose this ode from Gray's Ode to Adversity in which he personifies Adversity . According to the post duty is most important part in the life of human beings . He personifies Duty as the strict daughter of God 

.

 The poet compares Duty to the light that shows the right path to human being . It guides human beings to do the right things in life. It helps a man in removing mental conflicts and also help to overcome fears in his life . The poet says that there are also some persons who so not required the help of duty to do the right things in their life. They do them naturally as their voice guide them to do it . They are happy persons . They are men of noble characters . If sometimes they fail to perform their Duty well then duty helps them to choose the right path. 

Duty is a strict daughter of god's voice . According to the poet Duty is always hard to perform but she has very kind expression . She has always a divine smile on her face .like human being the objects of nature also perform their Duty . As flowers bloom in the garden and spread their fragrance all around because it is their Duty to spread fragrances all around . As all the planets move in their direction always performing their Duty to the universe.

Pamela

 Samuel Richardson

Was born 19 August 1689 died 4 July 1761 was an English writer and printer best known for three epistolary novels. Pamela or virtue Rewarded . Clarissa or the History of a young lady . The history of sir Charles Grandison. He printed almost 500 works in his life this novel first published in 1740 by English writer Samuel Richardson. Considered one of the first true English novels it serves as Richardson version of conduct literature about marriage . Pamela tells the story of a fifteen years old maidservant named Pamela Andrews whose employer. Mr.B a wealthy landowner makes unwanted and inappropriate advances towards her after the death of her mother . Pamela strives to reconcile her strong religions training with her desire for the approval of her employer in a series of latters and later in the novel journal entries all addressed to her improverished parents. 

Plot Summary : 

Pamela Andrews is a pious virtuous fifteen years old the daughter of unporerished labourers who works for lady Bedfordshire estate. Following lady B's death' her son Mr B inherits the estate and begins to play Pamela Romantic attention first gifting her his mother's fine clothes and then attempting to seduce her Pamela rejects Mr D.S advances multiple times by fleeing and locking herself in her bedroom. In one instance she faints and finds the laces of her stays have been cut.

When Mr B attempts to play her to keep his failed seduction secret she confides  in her best friend and housekeeper of the estate Mrs Jervis Later . Mr B hides in Pamela's closet and tries to kiss her when she undresses for bed causing Pamela to consider leaving her position and returning to her parents to preserve her innocence . The Lincolnshire housekeeper Mrs Jewkes is odious and unwomaning devoted to Mr B and keeps Pamela as her bedfellow. 

Characters : 

• Pamela Andrews
• John and Elizabeth Andrews
• Mr. Williams
• Mr B 
• Lady B 
•  Lady  Davers
• Mrs Jervis
• Mrs Jewkes
• Sally Godfrey
• Monsieur Colbrand
• Miss Godwin

Volume 2 

Pamela hides a parcel of latters to her parents in the garden but they are seized by Mrs Jewkes who gives them to Mrs B . He sympathies with Pamela on reading her account of their relationship and once again proposes . Pamela still doubtful of his intentions begs him to let her return though vecxed he does so on leaving Pamela is strangely sad and on her way home he sends her an apologetic letter that prompts her to realise she is in fact in love .