A Tale of a Tube

 Jonathan Swift 

Jonathan Swift was born 30 November 1667 died 19 October 1745 was an Anglo Irish satirist ,essayist ,political, pamphleter  poet and Anglican cleric who became Dean of st Patrick's cathedral Dublin hence his common sobriquet Dean swift. A Tele of a Tub was the first major work written by Jonathan Swift arguably his most difficult Satire and perhaps his most masterly . The tale is a prose parody divided into sections each delving into the morals and ethics of the English composed between 1694 and 1697 it was eventually published in 1704 . 

A Tale of a Tub : 

A Tale of a Tub written for the universal improvement of mankind was the first major work written by Jonathan Swift arguably his most difficult Satire and perhaps his most masterly. 

The tale was enormously popular presenting both a satire of religious excess and a parody of contemporary theology biblical exegesis and medicine through its comically excessive front matter and series of digressious throughout . A tale of a Tub comprises the tale reformation in the story of brother Peter Martin and Jack as they attempt to make their way in the world along with various digressious interspersed throughout each brother represent one of the primary branches of Christianity in the West . This part of the book is a pub on Tub which Alexander Pope was a common term for a dissenters pulpit and a reference to swifts own position as a clergyman.

Symbols : 

The Three Coats : 

The three brothers coats are the central symbol of a Tale of a Tub outwardly plain and simple the coats are the their father who promises that they will last for a lifetime if cared for properly . In his will he wars them against altering the coats in any way . These costs represent the practices of Christianity as originally revealed and commanded by God and us stipulated in the Bible . Charch written about in the New Testament the brothers initially do a good job of sticking to the rules laid down by the will. It isn't long however before they are finding ways to excuse themselves from following the will too scrupulously when it conflict with their immediate desires . This behaviour is dramatized as a gradual altering of the coast in spite of the father's express wish to the contrary.

The individual alterations represent the different ways in which Christianity in Swift view devlated from the practices and beliefs given in the Bible . The flame colored satin that makes up the coats lining for instance represents the concept of purgatory  regarded in the catholic tradition as a place of purification for souls not yet worthy of heaven but not condemned to hell . By the time the brothers finally realizes the error of their ways their coats have become barely recognisable.

Metaphysical Poetry

 Metaphysical poetry has played a fundamental role in contrasting written works of art which attempt to explain but more importantly capture the human experience and intangible concept for example the universal theme of : love metaphysical Poetry distinguishes itself from  other forms of written word through the conceit which is an extended methapheor that attempts to capture the essence of the poem in question. 

What is a Metaphysical Poem? 

Metaphysical poetry is concerned with the whole experience of man but the intelligence learning and seriousness of the poets means that the Poetry is about the profound areas of experience especially about love romantic and sensual about God - the eternal perspective and to a less extent about pleasure learning and art.

John Donne : 

 John Donne was born in London in 1571 or 1572  into a recusant romant Roman Catholic family when practice of that religion was illegal in England Donne was the third of six children . His father also named John Donne married to Elizabeth Heywood was of Welsh descent and a warden of the ironmongers company in the city of London . However he avoided unwelcome government attention out of fear of persecution . 

He was an English poet , scolar soldier and secretary born recusant family who late became a cleric in the Church of England . He is considered the preeminent  representative of metaphysical poets his Poetical Works are noted for their metaphorical and sensual style and include Sonnets love poems religious poems latin translation epigrams elegies songs and Satire . He is also known for his sermons. 

Metaphysical Poetry : 

Michael  Donkor explain what makes  John Donne a Metaphysical poet and looks at the creative and distinctive ways in which Donne used Metaphysical techniques. 

When we begin exploring John Donnes verse the description of him as a metaphysical poet is inescapable and so it's worth considering in detail  importantly Donne and the other 16 th and 17th century poet's gathered under the Metaphysical banner Carew Vaughan and Marvell to name some of the most renowned didn't form a cohesive movement in their stylistic similarities in particular a kind of showy or iginality and linguistic immediacy have meant that they have been clustered together for centuries some critics such as the 18th century essayist Samuel Johnson have criticised metaphysical poets for what they saw as their self conscious cleverness others such as the post T. S Eliot have celebrated their inventiveness . 

Characteristics : 

1) Dramatic manner And Direct tone of speech is one of the main characteristics of Metaphysical poetry in the starting line of the poem . The cononization there is given a dramatic starting 

" For Gods sake hold your tongue and let me love " 

2) Concentration : 

Is an important quality of Metaphysical poetry in general and Donne's poetry is particular . In his all poems the reader is held to one idea or line of argument . Donne's poems are brief and closely woven. 

" As twixt two equal armies fate suspends uncertain victories, 

Our soul hung twixt her and me." 

3) Usage of Satire and irony 

Another characteristics of Metaphysical poetry. Donne also uses this in his poems for example in the cononization there is subtle irony as he speaks of the favoured pursuits of people the Lust for wealth and favours.

" Take you a course get you a place observe his honour or his Grace." 

Absalom and Achitophel

Political Satire : 

Absalom and Achitophel is a landmark political Satire by John Dryden . Dryden marks his satire with a concentrated and convincing poetic style . His satire verse is majestic what Pope calls " The long majestic March and nergy divine "

Critics have unanimously remarked on Drydens capacity to transform the trivial into to the political personal envy into the fury of imaginative creation . The obscure and the complicated is made clear and simple . All this transforming power is to be seen at the very beginning of Absalom and Achitophel. The state of Israel is easy to understand and yet  Dryden shows himself a master both of the Horation and Juvenalian styles of Satire. He is urbance witty davadtating and vigorous , but very seldom petty.

Basically a Political Satire : 

   Dryden called Absalom and Achitophel a poem and not a satire implaying thereby that it head elements other that purely satirical one cannot for instance ignore the obvious epie or heroic touches in it All the samebthe poem originated in the political situation of England at the time and one cannot fail to note that several political personalities are Satirized in it published in November 1681 the theme was suggested by the king to Dryden . At this time the question of succession to king Charles had assumed great importance .The Earl of Shaftesbury had been thrown into prison to face a charge of high treason .There were two contenders for the succession .Firstly Charles brother James Duke of York a known  Roman Catholic the second contenders was Charles illegitimate son , the protestant Duke of Monmouth. The Whigs supported Monmouth while the Tories supported the cause of James in order to ensure stability in the country . There was great public unrest on account of the uncertainty of succession. King 👑 Charles 2 saw to in that the Exclusion bill brought before parliament to exclude the succession of his brother James could not be pushed through.

Conclusion : 

 Dryden is correctly regarded as the most vigorous and polished of English satirists combining refinement with fervour . Dryden is unequalled at debating in rhyme and Absalom and has no rival in the field of political satire . Apart from the contemporary interest of the poem and it's historical value it appeal to the morden readers lines in its observation on English .

   Character and on the weakness of man in general . His generalisation on human nature have a perennial interest . Dryden triumphed over the peculiar difficulties of his chosen theme. He had to criticise a son whom the father still likes he had to make Shaftesbury denounce the king but he had to see to it that the king's susceptibilities were not wounded  he had to praise without sounding servile and he had to criticise artistically Dryden achieves all this cleverly and skilfully.

Post Truth

 Post Truth is a periodizing concept referring to transnational historically specific empirically observable public truth claims and authority to be a legitimate public truth- teller it also refers to the theories about the historically specific converging causes that have produced it's communication forms and effects . The term garnered widespread popularity in the form of post truth politics in the period around the 2016 United States presidential election and the Brexit referendum .  It was named word of the year in 2016 by the Oxford Dictionary where it is defined as relating to or denoting cricumstances in which objective facts are less influential in shaping public opinion than appeals to emotion and personal belief post truth is often used as an adjective for a distinctive kind of politics post truth politics. 

Politics Post Truth : 

Political post truth is a political culture in which debate is framed largely by appeals to emotion disconnected from the details of policy and by the repeated assertion of talking points to which factual rebuttals are ignored. 

 Post - truth politics is a subset of the broader term post truth which has historical roots prior to the recent focus on political events post truth differs from traditional contesting and falsifying of facts by relegating facts and expert opinions to be of to appeal to emotion. While this has been described as a contemporary problem some observers have described it as a long standing part of political life that was less notable before the advent of the internet and related social changes.

History : 

According to Oxford Dictionaries the Serbian American playwright Steve Tesich first' used the term post truth in a 1992 essay in the nation . Tesich write that following the shameful truth of Watergate more assuaging coverage of the Iran contra scandal and Persian gulf war demonstrates that we as a free people have freely decided that' we want to live in some post truth' world.

Examples : 

Post truth politics has been applied as a political buzzword to a wide range of political cultures one articale in the economist identified post truth politics in Germany, North Korea , Poland , Russia , Turkey , the United Kingdom and United States.

India : 

 Amulya Gopalakrishnan columnist for the Times of India identified similarities between the Trump and Brexit compaigns  on the one hand and hot button issues in india such as the Ishrat Jahan case and the ongoing case against Teesta Setalvad on the other where accusation of forged evidence and historical revisionism have resulted in an ideological impasse.

Some quotes  photos : 

The Rape of the Lock

Questions / Answers 

 1) According to you who is the protagonist of the play Clarissa or Belinda ? Why ? Give your answer with logical reasons.

  Ans : Belinda

The Protagonist of the poem Belinda is beautiful young woman who travels to Hampton court for a day of socializing and leisure . Her remarkable beauty attracts the attention of the Baron who snips off a lock of her hair in his infatuation. At the beginning of the narrative , Ariel explains to Belinda through the medium of a dream that as she is a both beautiful and a Nirgun ,it is his task to watch over her and protect her virtue though as the poem unfolds it's unclear if Belinda is really as virtuous as she seems. Despite the fact that Belinda is pope's protagonist she's actually a bit of a slipoery character to come to terms with as the reader is provided with relatively little access to her inner thoughts and her actions are often governed by supernatural forces for instance it is unclear how much influence Ariel a sylph is able to there is some suggestions  that he actively toys with her morality . He claims it is her virginity which makes her worthy of guarding of a handsome young man , A youth more glittering than a birthright beau, tempting her sexuality similarly. At the end of the poem Umbriel  throws over her and . Thalestris a bag of sighs sobs and passions and also empties a vial of " sorrows" over her too meaning the rage she flies into is not entirely of her own volition . Fundamentally as her name suggests with its literal meaning of beautiful all readers can really know about Belinda is that she is attractive. The poem states that If to her share some female errors fall / look on her face and you'll forget emall in other words she is so beautiful that those around her consider her basically excempt from any moral judgement allowing . Pope to satirize the idea Ariel suggest at the opening of the poem that beauty and virtue always go hand in hand . Belinda is based on the real life figure of Arabella fermor who also had a lock of her hair cut off by a suitor. 

2) what is Beauty? Write your views about it.

Ans : Alexander Pope's The Rape of the Lock offers a satirical glimpse into 18th century court life emphasizing society's focus on beauty and appearance. Centered around the experience of a beautiful young woman Belinda who loses a lock of her hair to the scissors of an infatuated Baron The Rape of the Lock steadily becomes Sillier and Sillier  as it goes along and the characters descend into a kind of pretend battle over the lock. Coupled with the Clarissa s wise speech which argues that woman waste too much time focusing on their looks rather than thinking about how to be better people it might appear at first glance that people. Pope mocks Belinda s fixation on her own beauty by comparing her with an epic hero about to go into battle which makes her own process of beautifuling herself for a day at court appear relatively low- stakes and insignificant. In canto I Pope describes Belinda s completed "toilet"as awful Beauty having prepared its arms here Pope compares Belinda s having finished grooming herself at her dressing table to an awe- inspiring warrior putting on all of his Armor and weapon.

  Pope mentions Berenices lock referencing a poem by the Roman poet. Catullus itself inspired by the work of Greek poet . Caimachus in which a lock of hair is transformed into a constellation . The point he seems to be making is that in a way not all hair does grow gray.

Beauty Quotes : 

Beautiful is vain their pretty eyes may roll,

Charms strike the sight ,but merit wins the soul.

2) How vain are all these Glories 

All our pins unless good sense preserve what Beauty gains : That men may say when we the front  box grace, 

Behold the first in virtue ,as in face! 

3) Find out a research paper on "The Rape of the Lock " Give the details of the paper and write down in brief what does it say about the poem by Alexander Pope.

Critically comment on the Rape of the Lock as a mock epic

Almost a case of breaking a butterfly 🦋 upon a wheel JA Cuddon 

Pope's The Rape of the Lock is the acknowledge master piece in this genre which he himself describes as a Herocomical poem.  This genre was popular in English literature of the Neo classical period. The structure of the poem is examined as a mock epic below. Epic is a long narrative poem written in elevated and grand style having many great heroes and heroines set in a vast geographical range centering an adventure of supernatural and divine power filled up with figures of speeches begining in media's res with the invocation of Muses.

When such a poem is written to deal with anworthy subject matter it turns out mock epic . Mock epic is designed to ridicule  either the traditional and much revered from of the epic or the theme and subject matter of the poem . A mock epic makes fun by handling eithe an elevated subject in a trivial manner or a low subject with mock degnity .  In the Rape of the Lock Pope is using something classical to satirize something Modern . He uses the millennium old literary style to mock the contemporary society . He makes fun of a group of people who hang around a place called Hampton court . Their life is full of amusement and nothing . Serious because of their idleness the aristocratic society . Indulged themselves in gossiping discussing silly scandals and playing card game for the best .

The subject matter of the rape of the Lock is the incident of cutting off mrs. Arabella s lock of hair by Lord Petre aa the Hampton court London . According to this the belle is the hero of the poem and the Baron is her antagonists . Pope in the subtitle of the poem says that it is An Heroi comical poem by examining how the elements of an epic is treated here we'll proceed to prove the poem as a mock epic.

The Rape of the Lock is a long narrative poem consisting  cantos . It narrates an incident of cutting off one's hair with exaggerated and elevated language . The poet says Slight is the subject but not the praise.

Lliad Padmavati Mahabharata shows how trivial amorous matter lead to the mightest wars. This line refers to the occurrence at Hampton Court as well .

The poem starts and ends with invoking the Muse I sing - this verse to caryll Muse! Humorously he equates the goddess to a human his friend. There is also an epic question to heighten mockery.

Pride and Prejudice

       Questions  / Answers

1) which version of the novel is more appearing ? Novel or film  ( adaptation ) ? Why ? . 

Ans : Jane Austen's iconic novel Pride has been adapted to movie and TV shows many times . We are ranking the best adaptations of the book. Jane Austen's novel are a staple for anyone who loves 18th and 19th century romance. Her witty heroines and dashing yet complex romantic interests have been adapted into movie and television shows for decades delighting audiences and giving Austen all the  credit her writting deserves . No novel is more popular than Pride and Prejudice which folly the turbulent relationship between the inteligent and stubborn Elizabeth Bennet and the elusive Mr. Darcy . Many times has the book been translated into the screen and while some adaptations were more popular than others they still deserve some credit . Let's take a look at the best Pride and Prejudice film and TV series ranked according to. 

This particular adaptation was one of the many that attempted to transport  Jane Austen's story to modern times . In this case the action takes place in Utah with Elizabeth Bennet  portrayed as a career driven woman who dreams of becoming aa a successful businessman. The movie isn't made to be taken seriously and is more a comedy than a faithful relelling of an epic Love story 

A Film Adaptation : 

Is the transfer of a  works or story in whole or in part to a feature film . Although often considered a type of derivative work film adaptation has been conceptualized recently by academic scholars such as Robert Stam as a dialogic proces.

While the most common form of film adaptation is the use of a novel as the basis other works adapted into films include non - fiction autobiographical works comic books scriptures plays historical sources and even other films Adaptation from such diverse resources has been a ubiquitous practice of fimmaking since the earliest days of cinema in nineteenth - century Europe . In contrast to when making usually take more creative liberties when creating a film adaptation.

2) Character of Elizabeth ( Headstrong woman , woman with pride judgmental , mature , strong opinions , controlled , honest).

The second daughter in the Bennet family and the most inteligent and quick - witted Elizabeth is the protagonist of pride and Prejudice and one of the most well known female characters in English literature . Her admirable qualities are numerous she is lovely , clever and in a novel defined by dialogue she converses as brilliantly as anyone . Her hosenty virtues  and lively wit enable her to rise above the nonsense and bad behaviour that pervade her class- bound and often spiteful society  Nevertheless her sharp tongue and tendency to make hasty judgements often lead her astray Pride and Prejudice is essentially the story of how she overcome all obstacles including their own personal failing to find romantic happiness Elizabeth must not only cope with a hopeless mother a distant father two badly behaved younger siblings and several snobbish antagonizing females , she must also overcome her own mistaken impression of Darcy which initially lead her to reject his proposal of marriage . Her charms are sufficient to keep him interested fortunately . While she navigates familial and gradually comes to recognize the nobility of Darcy character , she realizes the error of her I initial prejudice against him.

3) Character of Mr. Darcy ( man with pride ( man ego ) reserved introvert , observer , silent lover superiority complex , true lover)? 

Ans : The Fitzwilliam Darcy generally referred to as Mr Darcy is one of the two central Characters in Jane e 1813 novel Pride and Prejudice . The son of a wealthy . Well - established family and the master of the great and estate of pemberley . Darcy is Elizabeth's male counterpart the narrator relates Elizabeth's point of view of events more often than Darcy's so Elizabeth often seems a more sympathetic figure . The reader eventually realized however that Darcy is her ideal match . Inteligent and forthright he too has a tendency to judge his high birth and wealth make him overly proud and overly conscious of his social status. Indeed his haughtiness makes him initially bangle his courtship . When he proposes to her . For instance he dwells more on how unsuitable a match she is than on her charms beauty  or anything else complimentary Elizabeth's rejection of his advances builds a kind of humiliy in Darcy . Darcy demonstrates his continued devotion to Elizabeth in spite of his rescues Lydia and the entire Bennet family from disgrace and when he goes against the wishes of his haughty aunt Lady Catherine de burgh by continuing to pursue Elizabeth Darcy proves Elizabeth and she ends up repenting overly harsh judgement of him.

4) Give illustrations of the society of that time. ( Jane Austen's presentation)?

Ans : Jane Austen's depicts a society which for all its seeming privileges  closely monitors behaviour . Her heroines in particular discover in the course of the novel that individual happiness  cannot exist separately from our responsibility ti others Emma Woodhouses cruel taunting of miss bates during  the picnic at Box Hill and Mr. Knightley Swift reproof are a case in point . How could you be so insolent in your wit to a woman of her character age and situation ? Emma I had not throughout it possible Emma is mortified . The truth of his representation there was no denying  she felt it at her heart Austen never suggests that our choices in life included freedom to act independently of wider obligation . If we are fortunate we have a duty of kindness and protection to those who are not society in the form of public opinion or the judgement of other individuals like Mr . Knightley ti Emma should secure you compassion.

5) If you were director or screenplay writer , what sort of difference would you make in the making of movie?.

Ans : Pride and Prejudice had more difference from the Jane Austen novel than just changing the time period making the film more realistic and romantic in the precess . Starring keire Kinghtley as Elisabeth Bennet and Matthew Macfayden as Mr. Darcy the film was a major departure from the previous more faithful BBC miniseries that aired  ten years . Prior Joe wright took a more romantic approach to the novel grounded in realism that turned pride and Prejudice into a critical success for blending traditional period film traits with a modern approach wright collaborated with Keira Knightley again after pride and Prejudice  a fiml adaptation is a type derivative work describing the transposition of a play novel other literary source to film a cinematic transfor is the most common practice of literary adaptation. The connection between narrative fiction and film has alway been very attractive to fimmaker . The main reason according to Timothy Corrigan is that novels provide two essential features for cinema plot and diversity of view . However as culture change and technology develop the possibilities of adaptation are in fact limitless . It is not unusual that literary works are now being adapted into musicals plays video , games or comic , ,books.

6) who would be your choice of actors to play the role of characters ( Elizabeth , Mr Darcy, Mr,Bingley , Jane, Mr Collins , Wickham)

Ans : Elizabeth Bennet is the protogonist  in the 1813 novel Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen she is often referred to as Eliza or Lizzie by her friends and family . Elizabeth is the second child in a family of five daughters . Though the cricumstance of the time and environment push her to seek a marriage of convenience for economic security . Elizabeth wishes to marry for love 

Elizabeth is regarded as the endearing of Austen's heroines she is considered one of the most  beloved character is British literature because of her complexity Austen herself describe  Elizabeth as " ad delightful a creature as ever appeared in print ". Elizabeth is the second eldest of the five Bennet sisters of the longbourn  estate situated near the fictional market village of meryton in Hertfordshire England she is 20 years old by the middle of the novel. She is an intelligent young woman with a lively playful disposition.

7) writer a note on a scene you liked the most .( For this you can record a video (2-5 minutes ) and can upload it on your you tube channel ( unlisted or public) ) .?

Ans : Jane Austen's pride and Prejudice centers on the conflict between marrying for love economic reasons. None of Mr. Bennet's five daughters can inherit his estate so they are pressured into finding security in " good marriage. Elizabeth Bennet the main character struggles with the societal pressres of marriage and resists Mr Darcy advance and proposal eventually however she finds that she does love him and for that reason she decided to marry him.

8) compare the narrative strategy of novel and movie? 

Ans : The movie has other difference that just the dialogue . In the movie Elizabeth keeps secrets from her family and grows apart for her older sister Jane . This is different from the book while Elizabeth does become frustrated with event related to her family she never keeps secrets from then. She also confides in her sister after difficult events they never grow apart . The movie also portrays Mr. Bennett as a warmer more sympathetic father than he is the book . His role in the family misfortune , caused by him spending money on the wrong things is downplayed . His relationship with his wife is much more loving in the movie however , the movie also makes the Bennets look poore than they were in the book . Elizabeth also comes across as much more bold and impatient in the movie she never yells at her parents in the book. I ve read the book twice both times for classes in high school and I like it . It's not my favorite book in the world but I did enjoy it and found it enjoy able to read I saw the movie after I had read the book and I liked the movie also. Weirdly enough  I just knew the movie would be different from the book. I was expecting it. I ve just noticed that whenever classics are adapted to the big screen they tend to be circumvented. There is less attention to detail . Sideplots and character development, I m not quite sure why that it I think it's mostly for the sake of time and to make the movie more relatable to a modern audience.

Neoclassical Age

 Genral Characteristics of the Elizabethan age : 

  The Elizabethan Age was characterized by a renewed spirit of adventure and discovery and a renewed attention to older sources of knowledge . In literature the Pathrachan Sonnet was imported and modified by Shakespeare and the genre of tragi comedy was born .Queen 👑 Elizabeth  I ruled over England from 1858 to 1603 . He era was dynamic one filled with a thirst for adventure the development of new ideas and the flourishing of literature prose poetry and drama let's look at some of the characteristic of the literature.

    Elizabethan literature body of works written during the reign of Elizabetha I of England ( 1558- 1603) probably the most splendid age in the history of English literature during which such writers as sir Philips Sidney , Edmund Spenser , Roger Aschan, Richard Hooker, Christofer Marlowe and William Shakespeare flourished . The epithet Elizabethan is merely a chronological references and does not describe any special characteristics of the writting .

  The Elizabethan Age saw the flowering of poetry was a golden age of drama and inspired a wide variety of splendid prose from about the beginning of the 17th century a sudden darkening of tone became noticeable in most forms of literary expression especially in drama and the change more or less coincide with the death of Elizabeth . Engly literature from  1603 to 1625 is properly called Jacobean , after the new monarch , James I . But insofar as 16 th century themes and patterns were carried over into the 17 th century the writting from the earlier part of his reign at least is sometimes referred to by the amalgam Jacobethan.

Characteristics of Neoclassica Age

Neoclassica literature is characterized by order ,accuracy and structure . In direct opposition to Renaissance attitudes where man was seen as basically good the Neoclassical writers portrayed man as inherently flawed . They emphasized restraint self control and common sense . This was a time when conservatism flourished in both politics and literature .

Some popular types of literature include : 

Parody 

Essays

Satires

Letters

Fables

Melodrama and riyming with couplets.

   Neoclassica was a Western cultural movement in the decorative and visual arts litterateur theatre music and architecture that drew inspiration from the art and culture of classical antiquity.

  Neoclassica was born in Rome largely thanks to the writting of Johnn Joachim  Winckelmann at the time of the rediscovery of Pompeii and Herculaneum.

The main Neoclassical movement coincided with the 18 century age of Enlightenment and continued into the early 19 th century laterally competing with  Romanticism . In architecture the style contined through out the 19 th 20 th and up to the 21 st century

European Neoclassicism in the visual arts began C.1760 in opposition to the then  dominant Rococo style . Rococo architecture emphasized grace ornamentation and asymmetry . Neoclassica architecture is based on the principles of simplicity and symmetry . Which were seen as virtues  of the arts is Rome and Ancient Greece and were more immediately drawn from 16 th century Renaissance Classicism.

Major write  of Neoclassical Age :

Alexander Pope :

Alexander Pope was poet and satirist of the Augustan period and one of its greatest artistic exponets . He was born 21 May 1688 London England. And died 30 May 1744 England  considered the foremost English poet of the early 18 th century and a master  of the heroic couplet he is best known for satirical and discursive poetry including . The Dunciad and an essay on criticism of Homer . After Shakespeare he is the second most quoted author in the Oxford Dictionary of Quotations some of his verses having entered common parlance.

Alexander Pope was a superstar of English neoclassical literature so much so that the first half of the British eighteenth century  is often referred to as the age of Pope alternatery defined invented Satirized critiqued and reformed almost all of the genres and convention of early eighteenth century British verse  he polished his work with meticulous care and he is generally recognised as the greatest English poet between John Milton and William Wordsworth . 

 In his long poem an essay on criticism Alexander Pope insisted that the best poetry or criticism should above all be true to unerring Nature at once the source an end and test of art . In this Pope urged poets and critics to take classical authors : you then whose judgement the right course would steer. 

Know well each Ancients proper character 

Be Homer's works your study and delight 

Read them by day and meditate by night.

 Pope was preaching what he himself had practised : as a boy he had taught himself lastin and Greek and studied the works of the classical authors with a rare devotion . However his reverence was also typical of his century which hosted English literatures so called  Augustan age the emperor Augustus had preaide over the golden age of Roman literature.

 Neoclassica Age