Dystopian Fiction
George orwellis 1984 is a defining example of dystopian Fiction in that is envision a future where society is in decline to talitarianism has created vast inquities and innate weakness of human nature keep the character in a state of conflict and unhappiness unlike utopian novels which hold hope for the perfectibility of man and the possible of a just society dystopian novels like 1984 imply that the human race will only get worse if man's lust for power and. Capacity for cruelty go uncorrected.
In 1984 characters live in fear of wars government surveillance and political oppression of free speech . The London of the novel is dirty and crumbling with food shortages exploding bombs and miserable citizens . The government is an all powerful force of oppression and control and crushes the character identities and dreams this distopian vision of the future written thirty five years before the year the novel is set suggests that man's inherent nature is corrupt and repressive Orwell wrote the book in the aftermath of World war ii and the rise of fascism in Germany and the Soviet union and paints a pessimistic picture a society s ability to avoid further global disasters.
Dystopian Fiction usually works backward from the present to find an explanation for the fictional societies decline and thus to provide a commentary on the readers society or a warning of how the future could turn out in 1984 as Winston works to acquire objects from the past find spaces without telescreens or microphone in them and recover memories of the time before the pary Orwell provides the reader with glimpses of how Winstons society came to be . We learn about a nuclear war a revolution mass famines and a period of consolidation of power by the party.
Dystopian novels explore the effects of oppression and totalitarianisms on the individual psyche as well as how the individual function in a repressive society Winstons trouble retrieving and trusting his memories illustrates the way the party has corrupted his emotinal life as well as his daily existence asking the readers to question the nature of memory and individual consciousness by suggesting that Winston is initially complacent because he can't remember whether or not life was better and he was happier before the revolution the book examines the importance of memory in creating a sense of self.
2 ) What according to you is the central theme of this novel ?
1) The Dangers of Totalitarianisms
1984 is a political novel written with the purpose of warning readers in the west of the Dangers of Totalitarianisms government . Having witness firsthand the horrific lengths to which totalitarianisms government is spian and Russia would go in order to sustain and increase thier power . Orwell designed 1984 to sound the alarm in western nations still unsure about how to approach the rise of communism . In 1949 the cold war had not yet escalated many American intellectual supported communism and the state of diplomacy between democratic and communist nations was highly ambiguous.
2) Psychological Manipulation
The party barrages it's subject with psychological stimuli designed overwhelm the minds capacity for independence thought the giant telescreens in every citizens room blasts a constant stream of propaganda designed to make the failure and shortcomings of the party appear to be trimphant successes. The telescreens also monitor behavior everywhere they go citizens are continuously reminded especially by mens to the omnipresent singns reading Big Brother is Wathing You that the authorities are scrutinizing them.
3) physical Control
In addition to manipulating their minds the pary also controls the bodies of its subject . The party constanty watches for any sign of disloyalty to the point that as Winston observer even a ting focial twitch could lead to an arrest . A person own nervous system become his greatist members to undergo mass morning exercise called the physical Jerks ans then to work long grueling days at government agencies keeping people in a general State of exhaustion . Ayone who does manage to defy the party is punished and reeducated through systematic and brutal torture.
4 ) Control of Information and History
The party control Earth source of information managing and rewriting the centen of all newspaper and historical for its own ends. The party does not allow individual to keep records of their past such as photographs or documents as a result memories become fuzzy and unreliase and citizens become willing to believe whatever the party tells them.
5 ) Technology
By means of telescreens and hidden microphone across the city the party is able to monitor . It's members almost all of the time additionally the party employs complicated mechanism to exert large scale control on economic production and sources of information and fearsome machinery to inflict torture upon those it seems enemies 1984 reveals that technology which is generally perceived as working towards Moral good can also facilitates the most diabolical evil
6) Language as mind Control
One of. Orwell most important messages in 1984 is that language is of central importance to human thought because it. Structure and limits the idea that individuals are capable of formulating and expressing If Control of language were centralised in a political agency Orwell proposes such an agency could possibly alter the very structure of language to make it impossible to even conceive of disobedient or rebellious thought because there would be no words with which to think them.
7 ) Loyalty
In 1984 the party seeks to ensure that the only kind of loyalty possible is loyalty to the party . The reader sees examples or virtually every kind of Loyalty from the most fundamentals to the most trivial being destroyed by the party . Neighbor's and coworkers inform one another and mr Parsons own child reports him to the thought police.
8) Resistance and Revolution
In 1984 Winston explore increasing risky and significant acts of resistance against the party in book one chapter vii Winston observer that rebellion meant a look in the eyes an inflection of the voice at the most an occasional whispered word Winstons builds up these minor rebellions by commuting personal acts of disobedience such as keeping a journal and buying a decorative paperweight.
9) Independence and Identify
While the party primary tool for manipulating the populace is the control of history they also control independence and identity for example the basic traits of establishing one's identity are unavailable to Winston and the other citizens of Oceania Winston does not know how old he is . He does not know whether he is married or not he does not know whether his mother is alive or dead.
3) what do you understanding by the term Orwellian?
Orwellian is an adjective describing a situation Idea or societal condition that George Orwell identified as being destructive to the welfare of a free and open society it donotes an attitude and a brutal policy of draconian control by propaganda surveillance disinformation denoila of truth and manipulation of the past including the unperson a person whose past existence is expunged from the public record and memory practiced by modern repressive government often this includes the circumstances depicted in his novels particularly nineteen eighteen four but political double speak is criticized throughout his work such as in politics and English language.
The new york time has said the term is the most widely used adjective derived from the name of a modern writer
4) write in brief about Newspeak and refer to Orwell and Pointers essays
Orwell was interested in linguistics questions and pertaining to the function and change of language this can be seen in his essay politics and English language as well as in the appendise to nineteen eighty four as in politics and English language the perceived decline and decadence of the english language is a central theme in nineteen eighty four and Newspeak in the essay Orwell criticises standerd English with its perceived dying metaphor pretentious diction and high flown rhetoric which he would later satirise in the meaningless words of doublespeak the product of unclear reasoning . The conclusion thematically reiterates linguistics decline . I said earlier that the decadence of our language is probably curable . Those who deny this may argue that language merely reflect existing social conditions and that we cannot influence it's development by any direct tinkering with words or construction.
When the general atmosphere is bad language must suffer. I should expect to find this is a guess which I have not sufficient knowledge to verify that the German Russian and Italian language have all deteriorated in the last ten or fifteen years as a result of dictatorship . But if thought corrupts language can also corrupt thought
