Breath interpretation challenge and shooting a video

 Samuel Beckett 

The theatre of absurd started in the early 20th century by a group dramatists who considered themselves intellectual and wanted to show thier reaction to the realistic dramatists of the 19th century who were very popular in thier time. The theatre of Absurd was a reaction again the realistic drama of the 19th century Gradually this movment became very popular among the audience of the time . Marin Esslin made the from popular. He wrote a Book entitled absurd drama many dramatists like Samuel Beckett Eugene o Neil Arthur Adamov and Edwardalbee etc wrote many Absurd plays which became very popular among the audience . Although it declined in the beginning of the 21st century even in our age there are some dramatists like Harold Pinter who wrote Absurd 

At the beginners of the third act of measure for measure as Claudio language in prison sentenced to death for the crime of fornication the Duke counsels the condemned man to reason thus with life 

A breath thou art servile to all the skyey influences that do this habitation where thou keepst Hourly afflict

Of all of Shakespeare's comedies measure for measure is the most conjuent with the works of Samuel Beckett. It's bitter language it's depiction of pitiful humanity and it's preoccupation with death resonate thoughts the Irishman works.

Breath is a Absurd play written by Samuel Beckett in the 1969 it considered as a smallest play ever written . It is only about 30 second Play . It also considered as experimental play this play can be intercepted in Mary ways . The play concider as absurd play here is the video of the play Breath 

Simply we know that breathing Means an inhalation or exhalation of air from the lungs but it's also considered as the life and death also . An inhalation is indicates the birth and an exhalation individual the death so we can say that Breath means both life and death . In life ot concider as the symbol of action sometimes person so much habituated of breathing person doesn't realise it's actually importance for live life . The play reflects the reality of human life it reflects meanings in the sense that people has no any purpose of living life everything is meaningless we live life just watching for death. Breathing help us to reach ultimately death so breath is the symbol of bridge between life and death people who do everything and anything in their life is all about absurdity.

Existentialism Flipped learning : Ask Questions

Flipped learning 

 In this flipped learning blog existentialism is taken as a topic to learn . In the paper of 20th century literature from WWII to the end of the century an absurd play waiting for Godot is studied as part of the syllabus in MA sem 2  In order to understand the play Better it is necessary to know what is existential and how this philosophical movment leads one to think as an individual. 

The process of flipped learning is very intersting as first place a teacher shares his / her blog link to students which leads another blog the flipped learning topic and there students watch video resources and read the material. The task of the students is to ask questions from the video they just watched.

Existentialism is a philosophy that emphasizes individual existence freedom and choice . It is the view that human's define their own meaning in life and try to make regional decison despite existing in an irrational universe . It focuses on the question of human existence and the feeling that there is no purpose or explanation at the core of existence. It holds that as there is no God or  any way to counter this nothingness is by embracing existence .

Video - 1 what is Existentialism 

Though existentialis differ in their views on existentialism but in a one or another way they share a basic belief of this term from this video I like that triangle idea of freedom individuality and passion which are the three side of existentialism . Along with it the Idea of philosophical suicide is quite interesting another important point discussed in this video is that camus denied to be an existentialist. 

Video - 2 The Myth of Sisyphus The Absurd Reasoning 

This video is about the philosophical suicide and the Myth of Sisyphus the cause of the death is absurdity meaning of life is the most important Camus individual act. He says relation of suicide act. Absurdity face in the question . Because of life is absurd try into common belief refusing to grant meaning to life. We know that this divorce between man and this life the actor and his setting is properly the feeling of absurdity . All healthy men having thought to thier own suicide it can be see without further explanation that there is a direct connection between this feeling and the longing for death.

Video - 3  Nothion of Philosophical Suicide 

This video talk about things like what is absurd like what is absurd and how does it occurs he answer to this question is that Absurd is neither in the man nor in the world. It can only occur in the presence of both. It can be assumed that the World is assumed that the to co conceal this irrationality a human being is needed and a kind of confrontation is needed between these two far absurd to occur.

 Video - 4 Dadaism Nihilism and Existentialism 

The values that human beings have inherited are traditionally given to the World which every human being follows and sometimes it also happens that it does not have a special meaning in life. Dadaism and Nihilism has nothing to do with each other there is only one similarity that both are fed up with arbitrary values want such values invented by others.

Video - 5  Existentialism a gloomy Philosophy 

In this fifth video existentialism is of ten accused of being a gloomy Philosophy so why is it thought of as a. Gloomy Philosophy? Because it brings into discussions subjects like anxiety despair absurdity.

Life + Anxiety= ? 

In this reason this video clarified that being an individual does not mean that one is a narcissist one can either choose to be a part of the herd and die or one can discover oneself as Nietzsche also said this sentence " Become who you are "

Video -6 Existentialism and Nihilism is it one and the same? 

Existentialism is not a philosophical movment nor a set of doctrines . Rather it is classified as a philosophical movment Divine perspective comes with belief immortality which ignores the morality as an important Notion of human perspective existentialism has more concerned with subjectivity while Nihilism has more concerned with objectivity.

Video - 7  let us introduce again 

Existentialism ask questions of existence that why I am here? What is life ? Divine perspective and human perspective . Human were not design by any supernatural power existentialism see the life from religiously scientifically and philosophically and raise questions about human existence.

In this lacture we look at the history of existentialism examine what for existentialists is the key concern of philosophy discuss the phrase existence precede essence and differentiate between existentialism. 

Video - 8 Existentialism and Nietzsche

Existentialism and Nietzsche talked about that human being is everything there is no need any supernatural power to joverrn life like God is dead so human being can make their own rules and be like Superman or ubermensch.

Video - 9  Existentialism Eric Dodson

Existentialism is a very broad idea to understand the deeper meaning of life. Existentialism is not apply to the mind but also apply to the heart which is called existential sensibility . It means that as a mind wants to know the meaning of life heart also wants to enjoy or feel it.

Video - 10 From Essentialist to Existentialism

I like the idea in this video is that only we can give reason to our choice or we can say that there is no reason for choice is just a choice there is no meaning of life but meaning is given by us to our life. 

The last video we can see this was a idea of existentialism is that waht given life meaning of life what is the purpose of life existentialist every meaningful thing is a meaningless here we can find the concept of Nihilism connected with the belief of ultimate meaningless of life . In this particular last video I like the concept of theory of theology. 

Question 

I have a few Questions

Video 1 

How we can find absurdity in our living life ? 

Video 2 

Nihilism is the loss of individuality if yes than why ?? 

Video 4 

What is the main consept of Dadaism and Nihilism ? I want to know about it .

ThAct : An Artist

Artist floating World 

Artist of the floating World is a novel by British author kazuo ishiguro it is set in post world war 2 Japan and is narrated by masuji ono an ageing Pinter who looks back on his life and how he has lived it. He notices how his once  great reputation has faltered since the  war and how  attitudes towards him and his paintings have  changed . The chief conflict deals with one's need to accept responsibility for his past actions rendered politically suspect in the context of post war Japan the novel ends with the narrator expressing good will for the young white collar workers on the streets at lunch break . The novel also deals with the role of people in a rapidly changing political environment and with the assumption and denial of guilt 

The novel is confidential as both historical fiction and global literature it is  considered historical fiction on account of its basis in a authors own experience and it draws from historical facts it is also considered global literature on account of its broad international market and it's thematicisation of how the World today is interconnected. 

1) Lantern appears 34 times in the novel event on the cover page the image of Lanterns is displayed what is the significance of Lanterns in the novel? 

Lanterns in the novel are associated with one's teacher mori San who included a lantern in each of his paintings and dedicates himself to trying to capture the look of Lanterns light for mori San the flickering easing extinguished quality of Lantern symbolises the transience of beauty and the importance of giving careful attached to small moment and details in the physical world lantern then symbolises an outlook on life which prizes small detail and everyday moments above the ideological concerns of nationalist or commercial concerns of business people . It is an old fashioned aesthetically focused and more traditional way of viewing the world.

2) write in brief a review of the film based on the novel 

The novel is structured as a series of interwoven memories described by Masuji ono Ishiguro uses a variety of techniques to convey the fallibility of one's recollection to the audience gradually revealing that ono is an u reliable narrator and undermining the audiance faith in his story 

Ono is an unreliable narrator disgusting his motives and spining recollection to portray himself more favorably although he denies making mistakes his true feelings slowly sleep through and the evolution of his character is expertly revealed by the reaction of his worried daughters. 

3) Debate on the use of art / artist (1) art for the sake of art aesthetic delight (2)art for earning money business purpose (3) art for nationalism imperialism art for the propaganda of government power (4) art for the poor/ Marxism and (5) no need of art and artist ( Masuji's father's approach) 

Art enthusiasts or not this is a phrase Many of us in the 21st century will be familiar with on question of why we create and value art for art's sake not be made based on how well work serves external parposes instead value is intrinsically defined by the aesthetic impression.

The novel highlights the way politicised art was retrospective seen as detrimental to society through the impact of the war but also present views within which art is conversely seen as ineffectual and unable to influence events  by implying that the war and it's subsequent effects would have occurred with or without Ono's propaganda.

4) What is the revevance of this novel is our times? 

The novel The Artist of the floating World is very fascinating in a way . The word floating is the most important thing in the whole work . The novel title is based on the literal translation on of Ukiyo e a word referring to the Japanese art of print therefore it can be read as a printmaker or an artist living in a changing word given both Ono's limited understanding and the dramatic change his word Japan in the first half of the twentieth century has undergone in his lifetime. 

The Act : Understanding the Zeitgeist of the 20th century : from modern Times to the era of Great Dictator

 Modern Times 

Modern Times is a silent Black and white film performed and directed by Charles Chaplin in 1936. The film is of both slapstick and satire and is a social economic commentary on American society during the thirtics a period of rapid industrialization and the onest of the great depression in the film he plays a character known as the tramp a happy go lucky underdoy who does not quite understand society and yet remains both cheerful and hopeful despite facing innumerable difficulty in modern times he portrays the reign of technology and society where humanity is forced to adjust to the machines and institutions of modern society particularly with advent of the dream and the parsuit of happiness. 

1931 Charles Chaplin told a newspaper interviewer 

Modern Time marked the last screen appearances of the little tramp the  character which had brought Charles Chaplin world fame and who still remains the most universally recognised fictional image of a human being in the history or art.

Unemployment is the vital question Machinery should benefits mankind it should not spell tragedy and throw it out of work. 

In modern times he set out to transform his observation and anxieties into comedy the little tram described in the film credit as a factory worker is how one of the million coping with the problem of the 1930. 

Chaplin at first planned  a sadly sentimental ending for the film while the tramp was in hospital recovering from nervous break down the gamine was to become a nun and so be parted from him for ever. 

By the time modern Times was released talking pictures had been established for almost a decade till now Chaplin had resisted dialogues knowing that his comedy and it's universal understanding depended on silent pantomime. 

Just at one moment though Chaplin own voice is heard directly tilted as a waiter the little worker is required to stand in for the romantic cafe tenor. 

As he had done for city light Chaplin composed his own musical score giving his arrangers and conductors a harder time than usual with the result Hollywood musicians Alfred Newman Walker off the film.

The challenge of sound 

The arrival of sound film was a bigger challenge for Chaplin then for any other actor or director he had won word fame with the universal language of pantomime in 1931 he predicted that taking pictures would not last six months and told an interviewer that dialogue may or may not have a place in comedy dialogue does not have a place in the sorct of comedies i make 

The ending of modern Times 

The most notable item in the supporting programme was a new silli symphony from the Walt Disney studios Mickey's orphan connect. The inclusion of this cartoon exemplified an intense mutual admiration between Chaplin and Disney who both recognised similarities in the other work . Disney bought advertising space in the programme in appreciation of the pantomimist supreme whose inimitable artistry and craftsmanship are timeless . It was signed Mickey mouse and Walt Disney. 

Thank you 

ThAct Indian Poetics

 All the days he discussed about the six major school of the Indian Poetics like 

School of Rasa 

School of Dhvani

School of Vakrokti

School of Alamkara

School of Riti 

School of Auchitya

10 Feb first day of journey to learn Indian Poetics the hand of Vinod sir started with welcome speech he talk about the Indian Poetics it is a based on proses and western Poetics based on reason he introduced Indian critics like Bharata Panini Kuntaka Rajshekhar Jagannath and western critics like Plato Aristotle T.S Eliot Wordsworth etc...

Rasa 

In Indian aesthetic a Rasa literally Means nectar essence or taste it connotes a consent in Indian arts about the aesthetic flavour of any visual literary or musical work that evoke an emotional flavour / essence crafted into the work by the write and relished by a sensitive spectator or sahrdaya literally one who was has heart and can connect to the work with emotion without dryness

Dhvani 

Dhvani school of poetry was formulated by Anandavardhana who wrote dhvanyaloko in the middle of the 9th century it brought focus on the potential power of the word in a Kavya here the word together with its literal sense forms the body of Kavya . In vastu Dhvani some rare fact of idea is implied in Alamkara Dhvani some Alamkara or figure of speech is suggested in Rasa dhavani Rasa is evoked . Both vastu dhavani and Alamkara Dhvani can be expressed by direct meaning or vacyartha by suggestions or vyangyaartha but the third variety of implicit sense of Rasa dhavani can never be expected in the direct meaning of words

Auchitya 

A poem is a collection of words used to deactivate ideas or emotions in a vivid and imaginative style the Auchitya can be described as the alphabet used to do that 

Meaning of Auchitya 

Auchitya is a Hindi word taken from Sanskrit it means justifycation propriety decency can be defined in this context as the details or rules of behaviour conventionally considered to be correct or that which is correct appropriate and fitting the word Auchitya also contains the Hindi word uchit which in English means appropriate.

Vakrokti 

Vakrokti emanating from the creative faculty of the poet endows poetic language with strikingness and causes aesthetic delight to the reader etymologically the word Vakrokti consists of two components vakra and ukti the first component means crooked indirect or unique and the second means poetic expression or speech.

It is manifested at six levels in language viz the phonetic level the lexical level the grammatical level the sentential level contractual level and finally the compositional level Kuntaka anticipates much of the modern stylistic approach to literature and his statistics encompasses imaginative language at the micro and macro levels. 

Riti 

Riti in simply means style method according to vamana riti or mode of expression constitute the soul of poetry . Riti is the theory of language of literature through it is described for the first time in Bharatas Natyashastra itself under the rubric of vrtti it is vamana who developed it into a theory as the theory of visista padaracana riti formation or arrangement of kavyala mkaraautra 1.2.6 

Alamkara 

Bhamaha is considered as a founder of the school this school believes that there is Rasa and riti in Kavya but the Alamkara is dominating . Alamkara also help to word and also became attractive two types of Alamkara 

Shubh Alamkara 

When the Alamkara is depends on the word 

Arth Alamkara 

 When the Alamkara depends on the meaning of the arth. 

ThAct : Waiting for Godot

 Film Screening Waiting for Godot 

This blog is response of thinking active given by professor Dr Dilip Barad sir I discuss about some question regarding this film screening 

About the film 

Only one attempts to capture waiting for Godot on film deserve mention in 2001 an Irish TV movie came out as part of a project titled Beckett on film Director Michel Lindsay Hogg managed to prove that the play is indeed flammable . The key to his success at doing so was by focusing on directing the actor marinating the one simple set and using minimal cinemato graphy with waiting for Godot it's a case of less is more still watching on stage is preferred as Lindsay Hogg does tend to overuse close ups in this version Barry Megovern plays Vladimir and Johnny Murphy is Estragon. 

About the Play

Waiting for Godot is a modern play written by Samuel Beckett. It was written or we can call it was first performed on 5th January 1953 this play has modern art in it as per critics. It is one of the most discussed and debated plays by critics and scholars. The story is very simple Vladimir and Estragon two tramps are waiting for someone called Godot but Godot never comes who or what is  Godot ? Why is he not coming ? Why are both tramps waiting for Godot? What will happen if Godot comes ? Since how long Estragon and Vladimir are waiting ? These and many other similar kinds of questions remain unanswered.

1) In both Acts evening falls into night and moon rises . How would you like to interpret this coming of night and moon when actually they are waiting for Godot?  

As per natures cycle it's changing and  evening falls into night and moon rises but nobody can stop it and change it as we want we can just wait as Vladimir and Estragon whatever happens in human life we can't change the situation they are waiting with hope. 

2 ) The director feels the settings with some debris can you read any meaning in the contour of debris in the setting of the Play? 

It was like life and debris showing the situation after the second world war. Everything was destroyed and the land was Barren so it's creating a gloomy situation it may not permanent but we have to work not just wait and this work also like waiting but it is better.

3)  Do you agree the play ( waiting for Godot ) we agreed was a positive Play not negative not pessimistic . As I saw it with my blood and skin and eyes the philosophy is no matter what atom bombs hydrogen bombs anything life goes on. You can kill yourself but you can't kill life? ( Source : E G Marshal said so he played Vladimir in orginal Broadway production 1950s) .

Yes I agree the play is positive Play not negative not pessimistic because Vladimir hope didn't broke for waiting Godot and universes never change for anyone it's routine continue happens without difference but sometimes we killed ourselves for something even we can't kill life for example sometimes our hope or desire may be not fulfilled but we can't kill our self and If we can able to have that much courage to killed our self so it like to run away from situation. 

4) Do you think that the obedience of lucky is extremely irritating and nauseatic? Even when the master Pozzo is blind he obediently hands the whip in his hand . Do you think that such a capacity of slavishness is unbelievable ? 

As per class discussion some people like to be servant whole life we have taken one example of god's servant yes the obedience of lucky is extremely irritating and nauseatic. We are tie by rigid and with a religious hidden rope that is not actually physically but mentally and we don't want to do free ourselves from them like lucky.

5) Do you think that plays like this can better be read than viewed as it requires a lot of thinking on the part of readers while viewing the torrent of dialogue does not giveample time and space to think? Or is it that the Audio - visuals help in better understanding of the Play? 

I think sometimes reading is helpful to be active visual various image in our mind while viewing play during we can understand various tone and contest of dialogue how some of repeatedly sentence speak as difference level and we can understand better than reading like one dialogue speak by both characters in different tone - 

Know if it hurts! 

Nothing to be done

6) which of the following sequence you liked the most : 

1 Vladimir - Estragon killing time in question and conversation while waiting 

2 Pozzo lucky episode in both Acts 

3 conversation of Vladimir with the boy the message of mr Godot.

I like Vladimir and Estragon between sequence because thier each dialogue give depth means for example

VLADIMIR : ( stopping ) True ( He lbuttons his fly ) never neglect the little things of  life 

ESTRAGON : what do you always wait till the last moment 

VLADIMIR 

( Musingly) the Last moment ......( He meditate hope deferred maketh the something sick who said that ? 

ThAct 1984

1 ) What is a dystopian Fiction ?  Is 1984 a dystopian Fiction? 

Dystopian Fiction

George orwellis 1984 is a defining example of dystopian Fiction in that is envision a future where society is in decline to talitarianism has created vast inquities and innate weakness of human nature keep the character in a state of conflict and unhappiness unlike utopian novels which hold hope for the perfectibility of man and the possible of a just society dystopian novels like 1984 imply that the human race will only get worse if man's lust for power and. Capacity for cruelty go uncorrected. 

In 1984 characters live in fear of wars government surveillance and political oppression of free speech . The London of the novel is dirty and crumbling with food shortages exploding bombs and miserable citizens . The government is an all powerful force of oppression and control and crushes the character identities and dreams this distopian vision of the future written thirty five years before the  year the novel is set suggests that man's inherent nature is corrupt and repressive Orwell wrote the book in the  aftermath of World war ii and the rise of fascism in Germany and the Soviet union and paints a pessimistic picture a society s ability to avoid further global disasters.

Dystopian Fiction usually works backward from the present to find an explanation for the fictional societies decline and thus to provide a commentary on the readers society or a warning of how the future could turn out in 1984 as Winston works to acquire objects from the past find spaces without telescreens or microphone in them and recover memories of the time before the pary Orwell provides the reader with glimpses of how Winstons society came to be . We learn about a nuclear war a revolution mass famines and a period of consolidation of power by the party. 

Dystopian novels explore the effects of oppression and totalitarianisms on the individual psyche as well as how the individual function in a repressive society Winstons trouble retrieving and trusting his memories illustrates the way the party has corrupted his emotinal life as well as his daily existence asking the readers to question the nature of memory and individual consciousness by suggesting that Winston is initially complacent because he can't remember whether or not life was better and he was happier before the revolution the book examines the importance of memory in creating a sense of self. 

2 ) What according to you is the central theme of this novel ? 

1) The  Dangers of Totalitarianisms 

1984 is a  political novel written with the  purpose of warning readers in the west of the Dangers of Totalitarianisms government . Having witness firsthand the horrific lengths to which totalitarianisms government is spian and Russia would go in order to sustain and increase thier power . Orwell designed 1984 to sound the alarm in western nations still unsure about how to approach the rise of communism . In 1949 the cold war had not yet escalated many American intellectual supported communism and the state of diplomacy between democratic and communist nations was highly ambiguous.

2) Psychological Manipulation 

The party barrages it's subject with psychological stimuli designed overwhelm the minds capacity for independence thought the giant telescreens in every citizens room blasts a constant stream of propaganda designed to make the failure and shortcomings of the party appear to be trimphant successes. The telescreens also monitor behavior everywhere they go citizens are continuously reminded especially by mens to the omnipresent singns reading Big Brother is Wathing You that the authorities are scrutinizing them.

3) physical Control 

In addition to manipulating their minds the pary also controls the bodies of its subject . The party constanty watches for any sign of disloyalty to the point that as Winston observer even a ting focial twitch could lead to an arrest . A person own nervous system become his greatist members to undergo mass morning exercise called the physical Jerks ans then to work long grueling days at government agencies keeping people in a general  State of exhaustion . Ayone who does manage to defy the party is punished and reeducated through systematic and brutal torture. 

4 ) Control of Information and History 

The party control Earth source of information managing and  rewriting the centen of all newspaper and historical for its own ends. The party does not allow individual to keep records of their past such as photographs or documents as a result memories become fuzzy and  unreliase and citizens become willing to believe whatever the party tells them.

5 )  Technology  

By means of telescreens and hidden microphone across the city the party is able to monitor . It's members almost all of the time additionally the party employs complicated mechanism to exert large scale control on economic production and sources of information and fearsome machinery to inflict torture upon those it seems enemies 1984 reveals that technology which is generally  perceived as working towards Moral good can also facilitates the most diabolical evil 

6) Language as mind Control

One of. Orwell most important messages in 1984 is that language is of central importance to human thought because it. Structure and limits the idea that  individuals are capable of formulating and expressing If Control of language were centralised in a political agency Orwell proposes such an agency could possibly alter the very structure of language to make it impossible to even conceive of disobedient or rebellious thought because there would be no words with which to think them.

7 ) Loyalty 

In 1984 the party seeks to ensure that the only kind of loyalty possible is loyalty to the party . The reader sees examples or virtually every kind of Loyalty from the most fundamentals to the most trivial being destroyed by the party . Neighbor's and coworkers inform one another and mr Parsons own child reports him to the thought police.

8) Resistance and Revolution 

In 1984 Winston explore increasing risky and significant acts of resistance against the party in book one chapter vii Winston observer that rebellion meant a look in the eyes an inflection of the voice at the most an occasional whispered word Winstons builds up these minor rebellions by commuting  personal acts of disobedience such as keeping a journal and buying a decorative paperweight.

9)  Independence  and Identify 

While the party primary tool for manipulating the populace is the control of history they also control independence and identity for example the basic traits of establishing one's identity are unavailable to Winston and the other citizens of Oceania Winston does not know how old he is . He does not know whether he is married or not he does not know whether his mother is alive or dead.

3) what do you understanding by the term Orwellian? 

Orwellian is an adjective describing a situation Idea or societal condition that George Orwell identified as being destructive to the welfare of a free and open society it donotes an attitude and a brutal policy of draconian control by propaganda surveillance disinformation denoila of truth and  manipulation of the past including the unperson a person whose past existence is expunged from the public record and memory practiced by modern repressive government often this includes the circumstances depicted in his novels particularly nineteen eighteen four but political double speak is criticized throughout his work such as in politics and English language.

The new york time has said the term is the most widely used adjective derived from the name of a modern writer 

4) write in brief about Newspeak and refer to Orwell and Pointers essays 

Orwell was interested in linguistics questions and pertaining to the function and change of language this can be seen in his essay politics and English language as well as in the appendise to nineteen eighty four as in politics and English language the perceived decline and decadence of the english language is a central theme in nineteen eighty four and Newspeak  in the essay Orwell criticises standerd English with its perceived dying metaphor pretentious diction and high flown rhetoric which he would later satirise in the meaningless words of doublespeak the product of unclear reasoning . The conclusion thematically reiterates linguistics decline . I said earlier that the decadence of our language is probably curable . Those who deny this may argue that language merely reflect existing social conditions and that we cannot influence it's development by any direct tinkering with words or construction. 

When the general atmosphere is bad language must suffer. I should expect to find this is a guess which I have not sufficient knowledge to verify that the German Russian and Italian language have all deteriorated in the last ten or fifteen years as a result of dictatorship . But if thought corrupts language can also corrupt thought